Древна ДНК - научни радови

[Кековац]

Која је беше прича око те Бездањаче. То је некропола из бронзаног доба, али је ту пронађен и неки каснији узорак I2 са аутосомалном типичном за данашње Јужне Словене(?) Гордана Пиларић је обрадила скелете са тог бронзанодопског налазишта.

"Der Hohlenfriedhof Bezdanjača in Kroatien unterschied nach Pilarić (1975) Mediterranide und Nordide, also wiederum Varianten eines Formenkreises mit variierender Knochenrobustizitát und Groзe."

Недавно је објављен рад у којем су хрватски научници признали грешку у даривању макар једног од два узорка из Бездањача који припадају хаплогрупи I2-Y3120: Updated analysis of the Bronze Age population genetics from Bezdanjača Cave – the case of I2a1a male individuals. Реч је о узорку са геномском шифром I18721 и сада је радио жаргонски датиран на 1645-1950 calCE.

[Милош]

Недавно је објављен рад у којем су хрватски научници признали грешку у даривању макар једног од два узорка из Бездањача који припадају хаплогрупи I2-Y3120: Updated analysis of the Bronze Age population genetics from Bezdanjača Cave – the case of I2a1a male individuals. Реч је о узорку са геномском шифром I18721 и сада је радио жаргонски датиран на 1645-1950 calCE.

Зато је I18719 и даље на Yfull стаблу... 🙄

[CosicZ]

Недавно је објављен рад у којем су хрватски научници признали грешку у даривању макар једног од два узорка из Бездањача који припадају хаплогрупи I2-Y3120: Updated analysis of the Bronze Age population genetics from Bezdanjača Cave – the case of I2a1a male individuals. Реч је о узорку са геномском шифром I18721 и сада је радио жаргонски датиран на 1645-1950 calCE.

Figure 3.
A plan of Bezdanjača Cave: blue ellipse – recent human and faunal remains; red ellipse – Bronze Age human and faunal remains and archaeological artifacts (taken from (5), with permission from the publisher, adjusted by M. Novak and J. Šarac).

The skull BZV-11a exhibits a massive blunt-force perimortem injury to the right parietal bone, a clear sign of intentional violence (Figure 2). It belonged to an adult male whose remains were deposited in the cave sometime between the mid-17th and the mid-20th centuries CE, as confirmed through direct radiocarbon dating. The partially preserved skull (only the bones of the left side are present) of BzV-10a, belonging to an adult male, also probably comes from a similar context. The field diaries and excavation documentation do not specify that any of the remains could be dated to recent periods. However, Malinar (16) mentioned the find of two human skeletons that most likely ended up in Bezdanjača during World War II, as well as skeletal remains of animals that accidentally fell in, located at the bottom of the shaft, right at the entrance of the cave (Figure 3). This was confirmed by a speleological visit to the cave in October 2023, conducted by a research team that included the co-authors of this paper. During this visit, adult human remains were found directly at the bottom of the shaft, together with a large quantity of faunal remains (17). This finding is reported here for the first time (Figure 4). Based on all this, the skulls BzV-10a and BzV-11a might belong to these individuals. However, direct association of the remains cannot be made with certainty.

The other two male samples (BzV-10a and BzV-11a) were assigned to the I2a1a (I-Y3120) haplogroup, based on ISOGG v. 15 (6,13). BzV-11a, the sample that was recently carbon-dated to a much younger historic period carried the I2a1a haplogroup. It is probable that the skull BzV-10a is also more recent and belongs to one of the two individuals found at the entrance to the cave, which would link the genetic and archaeological data into a common context. However, until the skull BzV-10a is AMS-dated this still remains a hypothesis.

When looking more closely at the I2a1a haplogroup, ancient DNA studies have shown that haplogroup I (including early I2 lineages) was common among Mesolithic foragers across Europe (19-21). However, in prehistoric Croatia, I2a1a appears to have been sporadically present (6,15,22,23). It has also been detected in two samples from a 6200-year-old mass grave in Potočani, Croatia (24) and in three unpublished prehistoric Croatian samples (David Reich, personal communication). This suggests its long-term presence in this region.

The two I2a1a individuals from the Bezdanjača Cave that were initially attributed to the Bronze Age primarily on archaeological and contextual grounds, appear to be chronologically from the Early Modern period. However, until recently this information was not available and, due to the lack of this data, many ancient DNA studies in the last decade have included these samples as Bronze Age samples in their analysis.

This finding highlights the complex history of the cave and points to the risk of assuming chronological homogeneity based only on contextual association. The presence of skeletal remains linked to the Early Modern period in the Bezdanjača Cave demonstrates the value of direct dating of all skeletal material when interpreting archaeological finds and drawing firm conclusions. Bioarchaeological interpretations must be made with caution, ensuring that human remains assigned to a certain time period are securely dated rather than placed chronologically based only on spatial proximity or associated artifacts.

However, these new data do not contradict the possible presence of the I2a1a lineage in Bronze Age populations in this area. All SE European “Bronze Age I2a1a samples” currently reported in the literature are listed in Table 1, once again proving the presence of this Y haplogroup in this area much before medieval migrations.

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