Analyses of complete genomes of 10 French Late Mesolithic individuals from the sites of Hoedic, Téviec and ChampignySince the early Holocene, western and central Europe was inhabited by a genetically distinct group of Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHGs). These groups were eventually replaced and assimilated by the incoming Neolithic farmers.
The western Atlantic façade was home to some of the last Mesolithic sites of mainland Europe, represented by the iconic open-air sites at Hoedic and Téviec in southern Brittany, France. These sites are known for the unusually well-preserved and rich burials. Genomic studies of Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers have been limited to single or a few individuals per site and our understanding of the social dynamics of the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Europe and their interactions with incoming farmers is limited. We sequenced and analyzed the complete genomes of 10 individuals from the Late Mesolithic sites of Hoedic, Téviec, and Champigny, in France, four of which sequenced to between 23- and 8-times genome coverage. The analysis of genomic, chronological and dietary data revealed that the Late Mesolithic populations in Brittany maintained distinct social units within a network of exchanging mates. This resulted in low intra-group biological relatedness that prevented consanguineous mating, despite the small population size of the Late Mesolithic groups.
We found no genetic ancestry from Neolithic farmers in the analyzed hunter-gatherers, even though some of them may have coexisted with the first farming groups in neighboring regions. Hence, contrary to previous conclusions based on stable isotope data from the same sites, the Late Mesolithic forager community was limited in mate-exchange to neighboring hunter-gatherer groups, to the exclusion of Neolithic farmers.https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB71770Нови мезолитски узорци из Бретање још једном потврђују да је грана I2-L161 (а самим тим и њена сестринска грана I2-L621) оригинално из западне Европе. Проверио сам мушке узорке
hoe002,
hoe003 и
tev003, и сва тројица припадају истој линији, буквално најранијој могућој линији у оквиру L161. Редом имају покривен 37, 41 и 41 SNP на нивоу L161, и код све тројице позитиван је само један исти SNP,
AMM055/FGC8129/S2662+ (G>A), са 6, 17 и 11 очитавања, тако да нема никакве сумње у поузданост овог SNP-a. Такође, ниједан од узорака не поседује генетику раних неолитских земљорадника ни у траговима, у питању су потпуно "чисти" ловци-сакупљачи (WHG), тако да је о неком доласку са југоистока Европе бесмислено и расправљати. Грана I2-L701 има дијаметрално супротно географско порекло и историју, тако да је јасно да током мезолита и неолита нема никаквих додирних тачака са L621 и L161. Скелети иначе потичу са ова два острвцета на самом југу Бретање:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%93dichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9viec