Још једна занимљива теза у раду је повезивање не-степске GAC (Globular Amphora culture) са ширењем степске генетике како у Европи, али и у Азији. Да не препричавам, ово су дијелови рада који говоре о томе:
"Following the second transition, Neolithic Anatolian-related farmer ancestry remains in Scandinavia, but the source is now different. It can be modelled as deriving almost exclusively from a genetic cluster associated with the Late Neolithic Globular Amphora Culture (GAC) (Poland_5000BP_4700BP; Extended Data Fig. 4). Strikingly, after the Steppe-related ancestry was first introduced into Europe (Steppe_5000BP_4300BP), it expanded together with GAC-related ancestry across all sampled European regions (Extended Data Fig. 7I). This suggests that the spread of steppe-related ancestry throughout Europe was predominantly mediated through groups that were already admixed with GAC-related farmer groups of the eastern European plains. This finding has major implications for understanding the emergence of the CWC. A stylistic connection from GAC ceramics to CWC ceramics has long been suggested, including the use of amphora-shaped vessels and the development of cord decoration patterns. Moreover, shortly prior to the emergence of the earliest CWC groups, eastern GAC and western Yamnaya groups exchanged cultural elements in the forest-steppe transition zone northwest of the Black Sea, where GAC ceramic amphorae and flint axes were included in Yamnaya burials, and the typical Yamnaya use of ochre was included in GAC burials, indicating close interaction between the groups. Previous ancient genomic data from a few individuals suggested that this was limited to cultural influences and not population admixture. However, in the light of our new genetic evidence it appears that this zone, and possibly other similar zones of contact between GAC and Yamnaya (or other closely-related steppe/forest-steppe groups) were key in the formation of the CWC through which steppe-related ancestry and GAC-related ancestry co-dispersed far towards the west and the north. This resulted in regionally diverse situations of interaction and admixture but a significant part of the CWC dispersal happened through corridors of cultural and demic transmission which had been established by the GAC during the preceding period."
"Similar to the dynamics in western Eurasia, Yamnaya-related ancestry is here correlated with late Neolithic GAC-related farmer ancestry (Poland_5000BP_4700BP; Extended Data Fig. 9G), recapitulating the previously documented eastward expansion of admixed Western Steppe pastoralists from the Sintashta and Andronovo complexes during the Bronze Age. However, GAC-related ancestry is notably absent in individuals of the Okunevo culture, providing further support for two distinct eastward migrations of Western Steppe pastoralists during the early (Yamnaya) and later (Sintashta, Andronovo) Bronze Age"
"We have identified a hitherto unknown source of ancestry in hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributing ancestry to the Yamnaya pastoralists, and we have documented how the later spread of steppe-related ancestry into Europe was very rapid and mediated through admixture with people from the Globular Amphora Culture."
