Аутор Тема: Интересантан рад из Nature-а  (Прочитано 3256 пута)

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Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« послато: Април 21, 2016, 02:42:52 поподне »
Интересантан научни рад, ако га није било овде раније - изволите:

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html

Сажетак каже:

Цитат
The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ~10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting ~2.1–4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe
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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #1 послато: Април 21, 2016, 02:59:03 поподне »
У овом прошлогодишњем раду аутори су помало у чуду, јер су, анализирајући мушкарце Чилеа, нашли само 8% домородачког ипсилон хромозома:

Analysis of Y-chromosome STRs in Chile confirms an extensive introgression of European male lineages in urban populations:

Цитат
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We analyzed the Y chromosome haplotypes (Yfiler) of 978 non-related Chilean males grouped in five sampling regions (Iquique, Santiago de Chile, Concepción, Temuco and Punta Arenas) covering main geo-political regions. Overall, 803 different haplotypes and 688 singletons were observed. Molecular diversity was moderately lower than in other neighboring countries (e.g. Argentina); and AMOVA analysis on Y-STR haplotypes showed that among variation within Chile accounted for only 0.25% of the total variation. Punta Arenas, in the southern cone, showed the lowest haplotype diversity, and discrimination capacity, and also the highest matching probability of the five Chilean samples, probably reflecting its more marked geographic isolation compared to the other regions. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis based on RST genetic distances suggested a close proximity of Chilean Y-chromosome profiles to European ones. Consistently, haplogroups inferred from Y-STR profiles revealed that the Native American component constituted only 8% of all the haplotypes, and this component ranged from 5% in the Centre of the country to 9-10% in the South and 13% in the North, which is in good agreement with the distribution of Native American communities in these regions. AMOVA computed on inferred haplogroups confirmed the very low among variation observed in Chilean populations. The present project provides the first Chilean dataset to the international Y-chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) and it is also the first reference database for Y-chromosome forensic casework of the country.

Ако некоме треба цео рад, нека пише да му пошаљем.

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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #2 послато: Април 21, 2016, 03:01:34 поподне »
Још један прошлогодишњи:

Surnames and Y-Chromosomal Markers Reveal Low Relationships in Southern Spain

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123098

Сажетак:
Цитат
A sample of 416 males from western and eastern Andalusia has been jointly analyzed for surnames and Y-chromosome haplogroups and haplotypes. The observed number of different surnames was 222 (353 when the second surname of the Spanish system of naming is considered). The great majority of recorded surnames have a Castilian-Leonese origin, while Catalan or Basque surnames have not been found. A few Arab-related surnames appear but none discernible of Sephardic-Jewish descent. Low correlation among surnames with different population frequencies and Y-chromosome markers, at different levels of genetic resolution, has been observed in Andalusia. This finding could be explained mainly by the very low rate of monophyletic surnames because of the historical process of surname ascription and the resulting high frequencies of the most common Spanish surnames. The introduction of surnames in Spain during the Middle Ages coincided with Reconquest of the territories under Islamic rule, and Muslims and Jews progressively adopted the present male line surname system. Sampled surnames and Y-chromosome lineages fit well a power-law distribution and observed isonymy is very close to that of the general population. Besides, our data and results show that the reliability of the isonymy method should be questioned because of the high rate of polyphyletic surnames, even in small geographic regions and autochthonous populations. Random isonymy would be consistently dependent of the most common surname frequencies in the population.

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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #3 послато: Април 21, 2016, 03:04:37 поподне »
Прошлогодишњи рад о хаплогрупи Е:

Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent

http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/7/1940.full

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Цитат
Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. To increase the level of resolution of haplogroup E, we disclosed the phylogenetic relationships among 729 mutations found in 33 haplogroup DE Y-chromosomes sequenced at high coverage in previous studies. Additionally, we dissected the E-M35 subclade by genotyping 62 informative markers in 5,222 samples from 118 worldwide populations. The phylogeny of haplogroup E showed novel features compared with the previous topology, including a new basal dichotomy. Within haplogroup E-M35, we resolved all the previously known polytomies and assigned all the E-M35* chromosomes to five new different clades, all belonging to a newly identified subhaplogroup (E-V1515), which accounts for almost half of the E-M35 chromosomes from the Horn of Africa. Moreover, using a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis and a single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach we localized and dated the origin of this new lineage in the northern part of the Horn, about 12 ka. Time frames, phylogenetic structuring, and sociogeographic distribution of E-V1515 and its subclades are consistent with a multistep demic spread of pastoralism within north-eastern Africa and its subsequent diffusion to subequatorial areas. In addition, our results increase the discriminative power of the E-M35 haplogroup for use in forensic genetics through the identification of new ancestry-informative markers.

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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #4 послато: Април 21, 2016, 03:08:29 поподне »
На форуму су, чини ми се, пре неки дан поменути и Баски. Ево овогодишњег рада о њима:

Data for 27 Y-chromosome STR loci in the Basque Country autochthonous population

http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973%2815%2930072-7/abstract

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Цитат
Haplotype frequencies and population data of 27 Y-chromosome STR loci DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS449, DYS456, DYS458, DYS460, DYS481, DYS518, DYS533, DYS570, DYS576, DYS627, DYS635, DYF387S1 and GATA-H4 were determined in a sample of 203 unrelated Basque autochthonous donors (a subset of these samples were previously typed in our laboratory for the SWGDAM (11 loci) and Yfiler (17 loci) marker panels [1–3]). All samples were collected under informed consent and individuals were considered autochthonous if the 8 surnames and birthplace of their grandparents were of Basque origin.

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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #5 послато: Април 21, 2016, 03:09:52 поподне »
Селаковићу, хвала на линковима. Неке од тих радова сам регистровао раније, али их нисмо дискутовали на форуму. Први рад је интересантан јер показује релативну младост постојећих R1a i R1b грана у Европи, као и "уско грло" хаплогрупе I1.

Пошто постоји подфорум који је резервисан за научне радове из генетике, пребацићу тему тамо.

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Одг: Интересантан рад из Nature-а
« Одговор #6 послато: Април 21, 2016, 03:11:08 поподне »
Наравно, извињавам се што нисам видео! Слободно и овај мој пост обриши.